【摘要：认识“一带一路”倡议的环境影响并降至最低】

（双语对照）

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sets to create connections and build infrastructure across Eurasia, Asia, and parts of the African continent in its initial phase and is the largest infrastructure project of all time. Any infrastructure project on this scale will necessarily pass through ecofragile regions and key biodiversity areas (KBAs). This creates an imperative to identify possible areas of impact and probable effects on conservation values to facilitate adaptive planning and to mitigate, minimize, or avoid impacts.

中国提出的“一带一路倡议”（BRI）开始在欧亚大陆、亚洲和非洲大陆的部分地区建立连接和基础设施，这是其历史上最大的基础设施项目。任何这一规模的基础设施项目都必须经过生态脆弱地区和关键生物多样性地区（KBA）。这就要求确定可能的影响区域和可能对保护价值产生的影响，以促进适应性规划，并减轻、最小化或避免影响。

Using the highest resolution route maps of the BRI available, I overlaid the proposed road and rail routes on KBAs, protected areas, and predicted biodiversity hotspots for over 4138 animal and 7371 plant species. I also assessed the relationship between the proposed route with the distribution of mines across BRI countries and the proportion of deforestation and forest near routes. Infrastructure, especially mining, was clustered near the proposed route; thus, construction and development along the route may increase the size and number of mines. Up to 15% of KBAs were within 1 km of proposed railways. Thus, planned and probable development along the routes may pose a significant risk to biodiversity, especially because the majority of KBAs are unprotected.

利用现有的BRI最高分辨率路线图，我在KBA、保护区和预测的4138种动物和7371种植物的生物多样性热点上覆盖了拟议的公路和铁路路线。我还评估了拟建路线与BRI国家矿产分布的关系，以及路线附近森林和森林砍伐的比例。基础设施，尤其是采矿，在拟建路线附近聚集；因此，沿线的建设和开发可能会增加矿山的规模和数量。高达15%的KBA位于拟建铁路1公里范围内。因此，沿线规划和可能的开发可能对生物多样性构成重大风险，特别是因为大部分KBA尚未受到保护。

Many biodiversity hotspots for different taxa were near the route. These hotspots varied between taxa, making systematic management and environmental impact assessments an effective strategy for at least some taxa. A combination of planning and mitigation strategies will likely be necessary to protect the most important areas for biodiversity proximal to development, especially in currently unprotected KBAs and other regions that need protection. A fuller assessment of trade‐offs between conservation and other values will be necessary to make good decisions for each project and site being developed, including potentially modifying parts of the route to minimize impacts. Modification or foregoing of infrastructure may be needed if stakeholders consider the conservation costs too high.

许多不同类群的“生物多样性热点”都在这条路线附近。这些“热点”在分类群之间有所不同，使得系统管理和环境影响评估至少对某些分类群是一种有效的策略。规划和缓解战略的结合，可能有必要保护最重要的生物多样性开发区，特别是在目前未受保护的KBA和其他需要保护的区域。需要对保护和其他价值之间的权衡进行更全面的评估，以便为每一个正在开发的项目和场地做出正确的决策，包括可能修改路线的某些部分，以尽量减少影响。如果利益相关者认为保护成本过高，则可能需要对基础设施进行修改或取消。

整理/Linda 翻译/人工智能 编/Angel

【往期报道】

李干杰：“一带一路”必须走绿色发展之路，否则走不顺利、也不可能走远 | 四建议（2018.11.5） 

警惕欧洲E40航道环评风险，“一带一路”绿色金融择项须慎重（2018.11.12）

中国“一带一路”将如何影响国际野生动物迁徙？德国法兰克福动物学会与绿会举行电话会议，期待促进生物多样性保护（2018.9.6）

保护生物多样性和生态环境：“一带一路”倡议的重要内容（2017.5.2）